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Pierre Gamarra ((:pjɛʁ gamaˈʁa); 10 July 1919 – 20 May 2009) was a French writer. He was a poet, novelist and literary critic. He is best known for his poems and novels for the youth. Pierre Gamarra's narrative and poetical works are deeply rooted in his native region of Midi-Pyrénées. He was also chief editor and director of the literary magazine ''Europe''. ==Life== Pierre Gamarra was born in Toulouse on July 10, 1919. From 1938 until 1940, he was a teacher in the South of France. During the German Occupation, he joined various Resistance groups in Toulouse, involved in the writing and distributing of clandestine publications. This led him to a career as a journalist, and then, more specifically both as a writer and a literary journalist.〔″This is how a countryside schoolteacher who had been studying at the 'École normale primaire', became, through the turmoil of the Phoney War and the Resistance, a poet, a novelist, a journalist living in the region of Paris, member of the magazine ''Europe''′s editing team for some fifty years.″ (…) ''c’est ainsi que l’instituteur rural préparé par ses années d’École normale primaire s’est mué, les bouleversements de la drôle de guerre et la Résistance aidant, en un poète, romancier, journaliste vivant en région parisienne, membre pendant quelque cinquante ans du comité de rédaction de la revue'' Europe (…) Claude Sicard, ″Pierre Gamarra″ in ''Balade en Midi-Pyrénées, sur les pas des écrivains'', Alexandrines, 2011 ((Excerpt on the Publisher website )).〕 In 1948, Pierre Gamarra received the first in Lausanne for his first novel, ''La Maison de feu''.〔''La Maison de feu'' means ″The fiery house″. The novel takes place in Toulouse during the 1930’s.〕 Members of the 1948 Veillon Prize jury included writers André Chamson, Vercors, Franz Hellens and Louis Guilloux. The novel is described in ''Books Abroad'' as “A beautifully written tale of humble life, which Philippe and Jammes would have liked“. From 1945 to 1951, he worked as a journalist in Toulouse. In 1951, Louis Aragon, Jean Cassou and André Chamson offered him a position in Paris as editor-in-chief of the literary magazine ''Europe''.〔(''Encyclopédia Universalis'': Pierre Gamarra ).〕 He occupied this position until 1974, when he became director of the magazine. Under Pierre Gamarra's direction, ''Europe'' continued the project initiated in 1923 by Romain Rolland and a group of writers.〔For instance, many issues were devoted to an extensive presentation of countries whose literature is not internationally very well known.〕 For more than 50 years, Pierre Gamarra also contributed to most of the magazines's issues with a book review column named ''The Typewriter''〔In French ''La Machine à écrire''; since 2009, the column is continued in ''Europe'' by Jacques Lèbre.〕 which shows the same international curiosity.〔See the Journal tables: * from 1924 until 2000: (''Europe'' tables (by author) on Paris-III University website ) * from 2001 until present day: (''Europe'' tables (by author by year) on the journal website )〕 Most of his novels take place in his native South-West of France: he wrote a novel trilogy based on the history of Toulouse and various novels set in that town, along the Garonne〔″Pierre Gamarra kept for all his life his passion for the regions along the Garonne river: it was present in his poems, novels and stories.″ (''Pierre Gamarra conservera toute sa vie une passion pour ces terres de Garonne qui reviendront dans ses poèmes, ses romans, ses récits.'') Alain Nicolas, ″Pierre Gamarra est mort″, ''L’Humanité'', 25 May 2009. ((online version ))〕 or in the Pyrenees. John L. Brown, in ''World Literature Today'', writes that Pierre Gamarra’s descriptions of Toulouse, its people and its region were “masterly”, “skillfully and poetically” composed “with a vibrant lyricism”〔John L. Brown, Review of ''Le Fleuve palimpseste'', ''World Literature Today'', Vol. 59, No. 1, Winter, 1985 .〕 and that: Pierre Gamarra is also the author of ''The Midnight Roosters'',〔In French ''Les Coqs de Minuit''.〕 a novel set in Aveyron during the French Revolution.〔''Les Coqs de minuit'' (1950, reed. 2009) De Borée ISBN 9782844949097〕 The book was adapted for the French television channel FR3 in 1973. The film, casting , was shot in the town of Najac.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= TV adaptation (''Les Coqs de Minuit'') on the Internet Movie Data Base )〕 In 1955, he published one of his best known novels, ''Le Maître d’école'';〔French for ''The Schoolmaster''.〕 the book and its sequel ''La Femme de Simon''〔French for ''Simon’s wife'', the hero of both novels, Simon Sermet.〕 (1962) received critical praise.〔″The manner of telling is so matter of fact that the tragedy takes one unaware.″, according to Helen M. Ranson, reviewing ''Le Maître d’école'', in ''Books Abroad'', Vol. 31, No. 1, Winter, 1957, 〕 Reviewing his 1957 short stories collection ''Les Amours du potier'',〔French for ''A Potter's lovers''.〕 Lois Marie Sutton deems that although war affects the plots of many of “all (those) delightful thirteen stories“, “it is the light-hearted plot that Gamarra maneuvers best“ and that “as in his previous publications, (the author) shows himself to be a master delineator of the life of the average peasant and employee.“ In 1961, Pierre Gamarra received the for ''L'Aventure du Serpent à Plumes''〔''L’Aventure du Serpent à Plumes'', French for ″The Adventure of the Feathered Snake″, is a novel for the youth.〕 and in 1985, the SGDL Grand Prize〔In French, Grand Prix de la Société des gens de lettres pour le roman.〕 for his novel ''Le Fleuve Palimpseste''.〔''Le Fleuve palimpseste'', French for ″The Palimpsest river″. The river is the Garonne.〕 Pierre Gamarra died in Argenteuil on May 20, 2009, leaving a substantial body of work, as yet untranslated into English. The ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' sees in him a "delightful practitioner with notable drollery and high technical skills"〔Article ''Children’s literature (20th century)'' in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'': 〕 in the art of children's poetry and children's stories. His poems and fables〔His best known fables include ''The Cosmonaut and his host'', ''The Apple'', ''The Ski'', ''The mocked Mocker'' (''Le Moqueur moqué'') or ''The Fly and the Cream''. Most of Pierre Gamarra’s fables are collected in ''La Mandarine et le Mandarin'' (1970) and in his 2005 fables collection ''Salut, Monsieur de La Fontaine.''〕〔(''Salut Monsieur de la Fontaine'' (2005) reviewed on the Printemps des Poètes website. )〕 are well known by French schoolchildren.〔″His abundant body of work has earned him a prominent place in Children’s literature; his poems are read in schools, taught and learned by heart.″ (''Sa frénésie d'écrire lui confère une place de choix dans la littérature enfantine ; on lit ses poèmes dans les écoles, on les enseigne, on les apprend.'') Guillaume de Toulouse-Lautrec, foreword to ''Mon pays l'Occitanie'', 2009, p. 12.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pierre Gamarra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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